酵母菌性能优化关键技术研究进展

Research Progress in Key Techniques for the Optimization of Yeast Strains Properties

利用木质纤维素产乙醇能有效缓解传统能源危机与环境污染问题,而提升酵母菌发酵性能是提高木质纤维素乙醇产量的关键步骤之一。从酵母菌优化和改造等方面总结并分析了提高酵母菌厌氧乙醇发酵综合效率的技术发展、存在问题及发展趋势。首先介绍了酵母菌五碳糖代谢途径的构建,以进一步提高酵母菌对原料的综合利用率;其次阐述了通过筛选、驯化及分子生物工程等手段提升酵母菌对限制因素尤其是终产物乙醇的耐受性研究,保证菌体在高乙醇浓度环境下保持良好的发酵性能,提高最终产率及产量,推广木质纤维素乙醇的工业化生产。

The use of lignocellulose to produce ethanol is an effective approach to alleviate energy crisis and to reduce environmental pollution. The improvement of the fermenting properties of yeast strains is the key to enhance ethanol yield produced by lignocellulose. In this paper, the technical development, the existed problems and the development trend in the optimization of yeast strains properties were summed up. Besides, the construction of metabolic pathway of pentose to enhance the comprehensive utilization rate of raw materials by yeast strains was introduced. And the approaches to enhance the tolerance of yeast strains to environmental constraints especially the tolerance of its end product （ethanol） such as screening, acclimatization and molecular bioengineering etc. were elaborated, which could guarantee satisfactory fermenting performance of yeast strains in high-ethanol-concentration conditions. As a result, the final ethanol yield got improved and industrialized ethanol production by lignocellulose came true.