香格里拉县亚高山退化草甸植物群落学研究

A Phytosociological Study on Subalpine Degraded Meadow in Shangri-La County

对云南西北部香格里拉县的亚高山退化草甸进行植物群落学调查。结果显示:香格里拉县典型亚高山退化草甸主要有4种群落类型:绵毛橐吾群落、大黄橐吾群落、西南鸢尾和大狼毒群落群落;调查区4种群落共计有140种维管植物,隶属37科95属;种类较多的科依次是菊科、蓼科、玄参科、蔷薇科、毛茛科;各群落的优势种均不被牲畜食用;4种主要类型退化草甸的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数均非常接近,应该源于退化草甸属于次生草甸,物种丰富度均较低,且群落均是单一优势种;过度放牧和牲畜的选择性啃食是导致香格里拉亚高山草甸退化的主要原因。

A phytosociological study was conducted on the degraded subalpine meadow in Shangri-La County,northwestern part of Yunnan Province.The results showed that there were mainly 4 types of phytocoenosis in the degraded subalpine meadow,namely Ligularia vellerea community,Ligularia duciformis community,Iris bulleyana community and Euphorbia jolkinii community.There were totally 140 vascular plant species in the 4 types of communities,belonging to 95 genera of 37 families.The species number of the widely distributed families were in the order as Compositae,Polygonaceae,Scrophulariaceae,Rosaceae,and Ranunculaceae.None of the predominant plant species in the 4 major degraded subalpine meadow communities was edible to the domestic animals.The values of Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Pielou index of the 4 major types of degraded subalpine meadows were very close,the most possible reason was that all the degenerated meadows belonged to the secondary vegetation with low richness of biodiversity,and the communities were all dominated by single predominant species.It was supposed that overgrazing and selected feeding of the livestock were the major reasons leading to degradation of the subalpine meadows in Shangri-La County.