美国反垄断法的演变轨迹——政治博弈的视角

Trajectory of the Evolution of U.S. Antitrust Law——Viewed from Political Game

美国反垄断法的历史演变呈现出了典型的"钟摆式"运行轨迹,与其不断"经济学化"的主流解释存在抵牾。经济学理论、政党政治以及经济和战争危机等因素确实对美国反垄断法的演变有影响,但是这些解释都不尽周延。以生产者团体和消费者团体为代表的利益团体之间的"政治博弈",是导致美国反垄断法钟摆式演变的根本原因。这种博弈塑造了美国的反垄断政策,并不断引导美国反垄断法的发展和演变。

The historical evolution of the U.S. Antitrust Law reveals a typical running track of a pendulum, which constitutes a conflict with the mainstream explanations of economics. Economic theory, political party and economic or war crisis do have impacts on the the evolution of U. S. Antitrust Law, but all these interpretations are not comprehensive. The ＂political game＂ carried out by the interest group representative by both the producer groups and the consumer groups is the root cause of the pendulum - styled evolution of U. S. Antitrust Law. Such game shaped the U. S. antitrust policies, and is continuously leading the development and evolution of the U. S. Antitrust Law.