田纳西·威廉斯戏剧中工业文明批判的生态意义

An Ecological Reading of Tennessee Williams' Critique on Industrial Civilization

田纳西.威廉斯戏剧中的主要人物几乎都处于深刻的精神生态危机中。高傲、造作、怯弱或心灵扭曲的女性,孤独、失意的男性均被表现为工业化社会里的逃遁者、反叛者和无家可归者。他们采取种种措施来抵抗机械化、商业化的工业社会对人情和人性的磨蚀和湮灭。威廉斯对这群人物生存困境的展示有着深刻的工业文明批判意义:精神危机笼罩下的人物世界表现了工业文明价值观对人的异化作用,也表现了工业化时代人与自然割裂而引起的精神生态危机。

Nearly all the protagonists in Tennessee Williams＇ s plays are in deep psychological crisis. Proud, pretentious, timid or mentally corrupted ladies and lonely, frustrated gentlemen are all depicted as the losers in an industrial society. They are escapists or rebels who somehow cannot make their human nature come into terms with the mechanization and commercialization of the industrial society. Williams＇ s plays display how these people are alienated, displaced or excluded from such a society. Thus, these plays offer a critique on industrial civilization. The protagonists＇ crisis results from the isolation of human beings from nature and indicates a crisis of poetic living, which is a crisis that all human beings face in an industrialized society. This thesis suggests the possibility to understand Tennessee Williams＇ s plays from an ecological perspective.