缅甸奈温时期民族国家构建

On the Construction of Nation of Myanmar in the Reign of Ne Win

缅甸自独立以来面临的重大历史任务是怎样利用国家力量来整合异质化的民族地区差异和多样化的民族认同,推动民族国家构建。吴努时期政府采取的加强国家权力削弱少数民族权利的政治一体化和推行统一的民族文化政策来实现民族国家构建的政策没有取得成功。1962年政变上台的奈温政府采取的加强中央集权,镇压反政府力量的国家构建和以民族同化政策为核心的民族整合,也未能达到民族国家构建的目的,并激化了民族矛盾。

The great historical task Myanmar government has had to face since its independence is how to employ national power to integrate the regional difference of heterogeneous minority and national identity of diversity to propel the construction of national state. During the period of U Nu, the government adopted the policy of political integration （namely, strengthening the national power and weakening the power of minority groups） and popularized the policy of unifying the cultures of various minorities with a view to realizing the construction of national state, which, however, did not succeed. In 1962, the Ne Win government took centralism to suppress anti-government forces and integrated minority groups by nationalization, which did not achieve the purpose of building up a national state; instead, it sharpened the national conflict.