布依语中的近代汉语借词

The Loanwords from Late Ancient Chinese in Bu ji Language

元朝以来,布依语中出现大量的近代汉语借词。这些借词主要的语音特点有:声母方面,见组、精组细音字先后腭化并出现了尖团合流;知组、照组合流后出现了塞擦音;全浊声母已经清化;塞音、塞擦音中出现了送气和不送气的对立。韵母系统与《中原音韵》音系中的韵母系统接近,但部分与桂北平话读音相近;塞音韵尾已不存在,后一阶段带舌根鼻音韵尾的借词除了-a、-o外都并入了舌尖鼻音。声调方面,前一阶段的借词经过布依语声调系统的改造,按调类进行匹配,后一阶段的借词正在按调值匹配朝调类匹配转变。汉语借词的近代层可以分为早期和晚期两个次层,早期借词来源于桂北平话,晚期借词的源头是明清时期形成的西南官话。

Lots of late Modern Chinese loaning words have flowed into Buji Language due to the intense contact with Chinese since the Yuan Dynasty. The main phonological features of these words are as follows ：as the initials are concerned, the words with the narrower mouth opening in the Group of Jian（见组） as well as the Jing （精组） are mixed after palatalization, also, the Group Zhi （知组） and Zhao（照组） are conflated and produced affricative initials and aspirated initials. As finals are concerned, the stop coda disappeared in the Rime, and the post-nasal ending are mixed with dental nasal. As the tone is concerned, the earlier layer loaning words are from Chinese matched in Buji with the standard of tonal class, and the later layer ones with the same pitches. In a word, the earlier layer may be from Pinghua （平话） , the surrounding Chinese dialect in Yuan Dynasty, and the later layer is from the Southwest Chinese Dialect formed during the Ming and Qing Dynasty.