资产积累与低保救助制度——基于城市低保家庭资产状况的调查与比较研究

Investigation on the Urban Subsistence Security Households' Assets Situation: Based on a Comparative Research

近十年来,伴随着中国经济社会的快速发展,城市低保家庭资产状况发生了重要变化。实证分析表明,当前城市低保家庭资产分化急剧扩大,房产成为低保家庭中资产分化的根本性因素。尽管低保制度及其相关的救助政策为低保家庭提供了重要的转支性收入,但面对日趋多元化的消费需求,尤其是发展型消费支出的不断释放,低保家庭总体上收不抵支,收支结构难以维持。城市低保家庭现金资产大幅度减少,总体上处于负债状态,并日趋加深,家庭耐用品总量不足,物质资产微乎其微。政府最近出台的低保审核审批办法(试行)对财产性审查作出了明确规定,本文认为,财产性审查的根本目的是排除显著性"超标"行为,但这不应成为城市贫困家庭财产性积累的抑制性因素。这需要在排除显著性"超标"行为与兼容穷人资产积累这两项目标之间达到一种适切的平衡;低保收入与财产性审查周期可以适当放宽,设置一个有利于资产积累的相对宽松的自主空间。

With the rapid development of china economy and society,great changes have taken place concerning urban subsistence households＇ assets situation during the recent decade.Empirical analysis indicates that the assets differentiation of urban subsistence households rapidly expands,and house property is the essential factor resulting in the assets differentiation.Although the subsistence security and other related relief policy systems have provided the subsistence households with basic transfer payment income,the subsistence households have more expenditures than income on the whole,facing more and more plural consumption demands,especially continually increasing of the developmental consumption.That＇s to say,it is difficult to maintain of their structure system of expenditure and income.Urban subsistence households＇ cash assets decrease substantially,being in more and more debt on the whole.The government recently announces the trial implementation measure of the examination and approval of subsistence security entitlement,which including the obvious regulation of assets test.The article considers that the end of assets test is to find and remove the significant ＂excess of the criteria＂,however,it should not be the suppressive factor affecting the urban poverty households＇ assets accumulation.Therefore,a relevant balance should be made between the removing the significant ＂excess of the criteria＂ and being compatible with poor assets accumulation.The means test period can be appropriately relaxed,which can form a relatively loose and autonomous space helping the subsistence households＇ assets accumulation.