清季中央政府对保存国粹学堂的态度演变

The Changing Attitude of the Late Qing Government toward Preserving Schools for Traditional Learning

晚清学部成立后直至辛亥鼎革,中央政府一直坚持尊西趋新的办学趋向,但其内部在应否设立及怎样兴办保存国粹学堂问题上,一直存在分歧,具体的"存古"思路甚纷纭。过去对此研究不足。晚清学部对保存国粹学堂的态度经历了由驳斥改办到积极推广再到规范划一并限制发展的演变过程。存古学堂是在诸多保存国粹办学方案中被中央政府确立为"新教育"体系内的主要"存古"形式。梳理和重建相关史实可以增进对清季中央政府办理"新教育"的全面理解,为考察各地存古学堂兴办情况立下基础;探究中央政府内部诸多保存国粹言说的异同,注重思想观念之所出,尽量将其落实到具体的人和特定的场合,或可增进对当时"多歧互渗"的时代风貌及相关人物的认识。

From the establishment of the education ministry in the late Qing Dynasty to the Revolution of 1911,the central government never ceased its intention to run progressive schools of a westernized kind.In the issue of preserving schools of traditional learning,history saw such development options as abolishment,improvement,promotion and normalization with restriction.Of all specific projects,the preservation of schools of traditional learning was accepted by the central government as its major strategy in carrying out the policy of tradition preservation in its 'progressive education'.A scrutinous study of this history strengthens our understanding of the 'progressive education' in the late Qing Dynasty so to enhance our knowledge on the social characteristics and the historical figures concerned in that era.