妊娠期糖尿病的影响因素分析

Analysis of the influencing factors of gestational diabetes mellitus

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）发病的影响因素，对开展GDM早期干预和治疗高危因素提供理论依据和有效参考。方法选取2007年1月～2011年12月于焦作市人民医院接受围生期保健并确诊为GDM的131例孕妇作为病例组，同时随机抽取同期行围产期保健的203例糖代谢正常的孕妇作为对照组，对两组进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析显示：妊娠年龄（X2=44．166，P=0．000），文化程度（X2=29．901，P=0．000），孕前体重（￡一8．309，P=0．000），孕前BMI（t：一9．025，P=0．000），孕期增重（t一6．740，P=0．000），糖尿病家族史（x0=88．977，P=0．000），多胎（x。=22．032，P=0．000），高血压家族史（）（0=23．913，P=0．000），孕次（x0=0．030，P=0．985），喜爱甜食（~2=24．946，P=0．000），多因素Logistic回归模型分析显示：妊娠年龄、孕前体重指数、文化程度、糖尿病家族史、孕期增重及喜爱甜食6项进入回归模型，妊娠年龄、孕前体重指数、文化程度、糖尿病家族史、孕期增重及喜爱甜食的OR值分别为1．605、4．382、0．381、6．232、5．316、1．439。结论妊娠年龄、孕前体重指数、糖尿病家族史、孕期增重及喜爱甜食为GDM的危险因素，而文化程度为其保护因素。

Objective To explore the influencing factors on the pathogenesis of GDM, early intervention and treatment of risk factors about GDM were carried out, in order to provide a theoretical basis and reference. Methods One hundred and thirty-one patients with GDM who were diagnosed in Jiaozuo People＇s Hospital from January 2007 to December 2011 were selected as case group,at the same time, 203 healthy pregnant women were selected as contrastive group. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted between the two groups. Results The results of univariate analysis as following： gestational age （X2--44.166, P = 0.000）, education level （~2=29.901, P = 0.000）, pre-pregnancy weight （t = -8.309, P = 0.000）, pre-pregnancy BMI （ t = -9.025, P = 0.000）, gestational weight gain （t = -6.740, P = 0.000）, family history of diabetes （~2=88.977, P = 0.00 0）, multiple pregnancy （X2=22.032, P = O.000）, family history of hypertension （X2=23.913, P = 0.000）, pregnant times （X2=0.030, P = 0.985）, favorite dessert （~2= 24.946, P = 0.000）. The results of multivariate logistic regression model analysis as following： the six factors which were gestational age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, education level, family history of diabetes, gestational weight gain and favorite dessert were included into the regression model. The OR values of gestational age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, education level, family history of diabetes, gestational weight gain and favorite dessert were 1.605, 4.382, 0.381, 6.232, 5.316, 1.439. Conclusion Gestational age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, family history of diabetesl gestational weight gain and favorite dessert were risk factors of GDM. Education level was one of the protective factors about GDM.