与水稻品种特异性、一致性、稳定性(DUS)测试性状相关联的分子标记分析

Molecular markers associated with rice (Oryza sativa L.) traits in DUS testing

为发掘与水稻品种特异性、一致性、稳定性(DUS)测试性状相关联的分子标记,建立分子标记辅助水稻新品种测试的技术体系,采用水稻DUS测试标准品种中的45个品种构成品种总群体,调查该群体38个DUS测试性状。选择与部分水稻性状连锁的21个分子标记和用于水稻品种DNA鉴定的24个SSR标记分析45个品种的基因型。采用TASSEL软件的GLM(General linear model)方法对标记与性状间的关联进行分析。结果表明:品种总群体中38个性状存在丰富的变异。关联分析结果表明,20个分子标记与23个DUS测试性状相关联,其中与"基部叶:叶鞘颜色"、"倒二叶:叶耳花青苷显色"、"剑叶:叶片宽度"、"植株:生长习性"、"抽穗期"、"茎秆:长度(不包括穗)"、"穗:长度"、"穗芒有无"、"穗:芒颜色(初期)"、"穗:芒颜色(后期)"、"穗:分枝姿态"、"穗:每穗粒数"相关联的标记各有1个,与"外颖:颖尖花青苷显色强度(初期)"、"小穗:柱头颜色"、"穗:最长芒长度"、"穗:抽出度"、"外颖:颖尖花青苷显色强度(后期)"、"谷粒:长度"、"糙米:长度"相关联的标记各有2个,与"茎秆:节花青苷显色"、"小穗:外颖茸毛密度"相关联的标记各有3个,与"倒二叶:叶片绿色程度"相关联的标记有4个,与"糙米:颜色"相关联的标记有5个。一些标记同时与2个或多个性状相关联,这可能是一因多效的遗传结果。这些与水稻DUS测试性状相关联的标记可为水稻新品种测试提供很好的辅助技术手段。

To reveal the molecular markers associated with rice traits in DUS testing and to establish the marker-assisted testing technology for new varieties in rice, the association analysis of 38 rice （ Oryza sativa L. ） traits in DUS testing with 45 molecular markers was conducted by using a variety population composed of 45 varieties, which were chosen from a rice （ Oryza sativa L. ） standard varieties in DUS testing. The genotyping data of the 45 varieties was analyzed with 45 molecular markers including 21 linked with some rice traits and 24 SSR markers used for DNA identification. The general linear model in the software of TASSEL（ trait analysis by association, evolution and linkage）was used to analyze the association between molecular markers and 38 traits. The results showed that 38 traits had abundant variations in the population. The association analysis revealed that 20 of 45 marker loci were associated with 23 traits. There was one locus each associated with sheath color basal leaf, anthocyanin coloration of auricles of the second top leaf, flag leaf width, plant growth habit, time of heading （50% of plants with heads）, stem length （ excluding panicle）, panicle length awns presence or absence, color of awns （ early observation）, color of awns （ late observation）, attitude of branches and grain numbers per spike. There were 2 loci each associated with anthocyanin coloration of apex （early observation）, color of stigma, length of the longest awn, panicle exsertion, anthocyanin coloration of apex （late observation）, length and decorticated grain length. There were 3 loci each associated with 2 traits such as anthocyanin coloration of nodes and pubes- cence of lemma. It was also found 4 loci were associated with intensity of green color of second top and 5 loci were associat- ed with decorticated grain color. There were a few loci associated with two or more traits simultaneously, which might be the genetic reason of pleiotropic phenomena. These markers associated with rice traits in DUS testing could provide a good auxiliary technical means for testing new varieties in rice.