农田水资源利用效益观测与评价方法探讨

Observation and Evaluation Method for Water Use Efficiency on Farm Level

农业是用水大户,农业用水效益得到广泛关注。农作物用水过程大体上可以划分为两个阶段,一是供水阶段,水进入田间,这包括灌溉水和降水;二是田间作物用水阶段,即农作物根系吸收利用水分,作物发芽、生长、开花,最终形成产量。在这个过程中,通过一系列农业技术的应用,可以在同等水资源供给的情况下,提高农业产出率。目前的农业水资源效益评价主要是针对灌溉水资源利用效益进行评价,而由于农田水资源包括降水和灌溉水两个来源,单一地评价灌溉水资源效益不能代表农业用水的整体状况。为了科学合理地评价农业用水,尝试着用水分利用效率、水分生产效益、降水利用率、农田表观节水量和节水当量五个指标,建立对农田水平的水资源利用效益进行评价,力图更好地说明工程与农业结合条件下,农田水资源利用效果。

Water resources in agriculture production include both rainwater and irrigation water. At present the benefit evaluation of agricultural water resources is mainly focused on the irrigation water resources, while the rainwater resource is not included. So it cannot express the entire situation of the agricultural water use. This paper tried to establish an index system, including water use efficiency, water use profit, rainwater use rate, apparent amount of water-saving and equivalent of water-saving, for the evaluation of irrigation water use and rainwater use on the farm level.