怒江傈僳人的命名与人观——以福贡县娃底村的田野调查为例

Lisu People’s Nominating System and View on People:A Case Study of Wadi Village in Fugong County

娃底傈僳人在排行名、个人名、从子名的命名与运行过程中,将每一个看似无差别的个体的人,明确识别为在自身文化体系和群体位置中定位清晰、独特的人。这一序列性的命名与称谓体系,代表着不同的人生位阶,同时与超自然的秩序存在着紧密的关联。藉由这一命名体系与规则,可以发现娃底人人观的特点在于:将过去存在和现在活着的每一个人,结合在同一链条中,将对往生的纪念和当下的延续关联在一起;在这一人观脉络中,个人的特质是被抑制的,人群的结合、群体的象征是形塑其人观的基础。同时,娃底人的个案作为互惠性社会中"自我"与"社会人"非平衡的研究案例,可以丰富我们对于现有人观讨论路径的认识。

In the process of nominating and operating of ranking names, personal names and child names, the Lisu people of Wadi village can clearly identify the every seemingly Undifferentiated individual as the one who possesses a clear position in their own cultural system and group location, as well as a unique per- son. This sequentiality nominating and appellation system represents different life stages, at the same time, has a close correlation with the supernatural order. From this nominating system and rule, we can discover the charateristics of Wadi people＇s view on people, i.e. , they put together whoever existed in the past or lives at present into the same chain, which can associate the commemoration of rebirth in paradise with the lasting of current life. According to this view on people, personal peculiarity is restrained, and group combination and group symbol is the foundation of the people view. Meanwhile, as the nonequilibri- um research case of ＂self＂ and ＂social individual＂ in reciprocal society, the Wadi people＂s case can enrich our knowledge of the current discussion on people＇s view.