分子标记技术在小麦遗传育种中的应用现状

The Application of Molecular Marker Techniques in the Wheat Genetic and Breeding Research

小麦庞大的基因组使得分子标记技术在小麦中的应用落后于大麦、玉米、水稻等作物。近年来 ,随着分子标记技术及检测系统的发展和完善 ,分子标记技术在小麦中的应用已有了很大的进展。分子标记技术依靠提供准确、稳定可靠的 DNA水平的遗传标记 ,在小麦遗传育种研究中已用于构建遗传图谱、标定和定位目的基因、鉴定与标记外源染色体片段、鉴定品种真实性和纯度、绘制品种指纹图谱、遗传分析、物种演变。

RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR and STS were the major molecular marker techniques used in the wheat genetics and breeding. Their Application were dissused in the following six aspects: (1) Wheat genetic maps constructed by molecular markers; (2) Identification and application of markers lined to useful trait genes; (3) Identification and marker of alien chromosomal segments; (4) Varietal Screen and creation of varietal fingerprinting; (5) Studies on wheat inheritance diversity and intervarietal genetic relationships among Triticum; (6) Wheat molecular marker assisted selection.