基于RS和GIS的洞庭湖小天鹅越冬生境选择研究

Research Little Swan Wintering Habitat Selection based on RS and GIS in Dongting Lake

通过对洞庭湖小天鹅生活习性、食性、迁徙、数量、主要栖息地的景观格局等方面走访和调研,得出以下结果:通过景观生态学方法获得了小天鹅的生境适宜性,运用3S技术绘制出了小天鹅分布图以及水域、植被覆盖、食物、道路、居民地对洞庭湖小天鹅越冬生境影响分级分布图,通过层次分析法确定了各生境影响因子的权重值,并建立其生境适宜性评价模型(HSI),从而更好地对洞庭湖小天鹅越冬生境进行了现状分析,并作为生态预警的依据;同时,结合洞庭湖湿地自然保护区现状提出了相应的保护对策,为开展小天鹅栖息地的有效保护与管理提供科学依据.

Through visiting and investigation the Dongting Lake Little Swan living habits, diet, migration, quantity, main habitat landscape pattern this study obtained the following results： Little Swan habitat suitability was gained by the method of landscape ecology, using 3S technique to map out the Little Swan distribution map as well as water, vegetation coverage, food, road, residents of swans the Dongting Lake wintering habitat of distribution, to determine the weight of influence factors of habitat value by the analytic hierarchy process（AHP）, we established the habitat suitability assessment model （HSI）, the better for Dongting Lake swans wintering habitat for the analysis of the status quo, and as ecological pre-warning basis; at the same time natural protection area. The paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures of Dongting Lake wetland, providing a scientific basis for the effective protection and management to carry out the Little Swan habitat.