城市公共交通优先发展立法体系国际经验

Legislation System for Urban Public Transportation Priority Development:International Lessons and Experience

视角局限于行业层面、关注集中于单一的《城市公共交通条例》制定,是中国城市公共交通优先发展立法保障亟须解决的主要问题。分别在国家层面和城市层面选取典型案例剖析公共交通立法战略出发点、立法框架体系以及具体立法要点,为制定和完善中国城市公共交通优先发展立法体系提供借鉴。指出国家层面的立法不仅要涵盖与公共交通发展紧密相关的战略、财政、规划、运营等方面,还应与节能减排、环境保护、社会保障等领域的法律相关联;城市层面的规划与运营法规作为实施依托和补充,应强调城市差异性和可实施性。强调应构建国家、城市相互补充的多层立法体系,全方位保障中国城市公共交通优先发展战略的落实。

A foremost task in establishing the urban transit priority legislation system in China is to focus on the transportation industry and develop regulations solely for urban transit.Case studies at both national and local levels are selected and analyzed to develop the strategic starting point,framework,and key points of provision for legislation of urban transit development,and further provide reference for establishing and improving the legislation system of public transport priority in China.National-level legislation shall not only cover relevant aspects on strategies,financing,planning,and operations,but also interconnect with laws on energy saving,environment conservation,social insurance,and etc.The local level planning and operation regulations,however,shall focus on differences among cities and practical implementation.A multi-hierarchy legislation system with national and local levels supplementing each other should be established to ensure the fulfillment of public transportation priority development strategy in China.