口腔运动干预对早产儿经口喂养表现的影响

Effects on feeding performance among preterm infants by oral motor intervention

目的探讨口腔运动干预对早产儿经口喂养表现的影响。方法将113例出生24h内入住NICU,胎龄≤33周的早产儿,按照单双数分为两组,单数为实验组56例,采用口腔按摩联合口腔支持干预方法辅助喂养;双数为对照组57例,采用常规喂养方法。观察:(1)开始经口喂养、完全经口喂养两阶段喂养效率、摄入奶量比、喂养成效;(2)开始经口喂养阶段喂养不良、喂养良好比率;(3)喂养期间发生疲乏、应激、吸吮吞咽无力的例数。结果 (1)开始经口喂养阶段实验组喂养成效、摄入奶量比、喂养效率明显高于对照组,差异有显著意义(P<0.01);(2)完全经口喂养阶段实验组喂养成效、喂养效率明显高于对照组,差异有显著意义(P<0.01);摄入奶量比两组差异无显著意义(P>0.05);(3)开始经口喂养阶段实验组喂养良好率明显高于对照组,喂养不良率明显低于对照组,差异有显著意义(P<0.01);(4)喂养期间出现疲乏、应激、吸吮吞咽无力的早产儿例数,对照组明显高于实验组,差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论口腔运动干预能促进早产儿口腔运动功能显著增强,提高早产儿经口喂养表现。

Objective To study the effect on feeding performance among preterm infants by oral motor intervention. Method 113 hospitalized premature infants in NICU with gestational age below 34 weeks were randomly divided into two groups. Intervention group （56 cases） received oral sucking stimulation combined by oral support intervention. Control group （57 cases） did not receive any sucking stimulation. The following indicators was observed and compared. 1） feeding efficiency, consumed and proficiency at initiation of oral feeding and full feeding; 2） ratio of poor feeding and successful feeding at initiation of oral feeding; 3） cases of fatigue, stress and sucking-swallowing weakness occurred during feeding. Result Feeding efficiency, consumed and proficiency in the intervention group were significantly higher than that of the control group at initiation of oral feeding, there was significantly difference （P〈0.01）; At full feeding, the intervention group has a higher feeding proficiency than that of the control group, there was significantly difference （P〈0.01）. There was no significant difference in feeding efficiency and consumed between the two groups（P〉 0. 05）. At initiation of oral feeding, the intervention, ion group has a higher successful feeding ratio and a lower poor feeding ratio, the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.01）. The cases of fatigue, stress and sucking-swallowing weakness occurred in the control group were more than the intervention group, there was significant difference （P〈0.01P〈0.05）. Conclusion Oral motor intervention for early feeding among preterm infants can effectively improve their feeding performance. Key words Oral motor intervention Preterm infants Oral stimulation Oral support Feeding performance