鸣禽发声学习行为的神经生物学机制

The neurobiological mechanism of song control and learning in songbirds

鸣禽发声学习的控制系统主要由一条直接神经通路和一条辅助神经通路组成。由前脑控制发声学习的最高中枢 ＨＶＣ、旁嗅叶的 Ｘ区和巨细胞核外侧部（ＩＭＡＮ）组成的辅助通路，对鸟类发声学习行为的发育和调制具有重要作用。发声控制系统中神经元类型、数量及再生与更替、神经组构及其重组、神经介质和受体的分布等差异，决定了鸣禽在发声学习行为表现的差异以及性双态性。本文对近年鸟类控制发声学习行为的神经生物学机制的进展作了较为全面的介绍。

The song control system of songbird is mainly composed of direct pathway and acces- sory pathway. The accessory pathway concerned with song learning comprises four telencephalic nuclei: the high vocal center(HVC), robust nucleus of the archistriatum(RA), area X and lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum(IMAN). The sexual dimorphism and character- istics of song control and learning in different species, ages, seasons are affected by the connections in neural circuits and their development, the number and phenotype of neurons, the neurogenesis and the neuronal replacement,the distribution of neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. This article reviews the latest progresses about neurobiological mechanism of song learning and control in songbirds.