草原毛虫研究现状与展望

Research status and prospect of grassland caterpillars(Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae)

草原毛虫属鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)毒蛾科(Lymantriidae)草原毛虫属(Gynaephora),是我国青藏高原高寒草地的主要害虫之一。该虫不仅取食优良牧草,造成家畜食物短缺,改变草地植物群落结构,加剧草地退化和草地生态环境恶化,而且还会导致家畜中毒,严重阻碍青藏高原畜牧业的健康发展。此外,草原毛虫主要分布于高山或北极地区,为研究生物对严寒、缺氧等极端生态环境的适应性进化机制,提供了一个良好的模式系统。本研究综述了草原毛虫的分类、生物学、生态学及防治等方面的研究现状,并对今后研究重点进行了展望,以期推动我国草原毛虫的基础及应用研究,为该虫的可持续控制提供参考。

Grassland caterpillars（Lepidoptera,Lymantriidae,Gynaephora） are among the most important insect pests damaging alpine meadow of the Tibetan Plateau.Grassland caterpillars not only feed on high quality forages,leading to the shortage of food for livestocks,changing plant community structure,aggravating grassland degeneration and environmental deterioration,but also cause livestock poisoning,which heavily hinders to the sustainable development of animal husbandry of the Tibetan Plateau.In addition,grassland caterpillars mainly distribute on high mountains and arctic areas,so they are good model systems for studing the evolutionary mechanism of adaption to the extreme environments（e.g.cold and hypoxia）.This paper summarized the research status on taxonomy,biology,ecology and control of grassland caterpillars;and suggested the promising research directions,in order to promote the basic and apply researches of grassland caterpillars,which was helpful to plan appropriate strategies for controlling these pests.