吸收能力、制度环境与跨国公司逆向知识转移——基于中国海外投资企业的问卷调研

Absorptive capabilities,institute environment and reverse knowledge transfer of MNEs: based on surveys of Chinese enterprises investing overseas

我国企业对外投资向发达国家和新兴经济体转移的趋势日益明显,这与我国企业日益重视先进知识资源的寻求密切相关,为实现知识寻求目标,我国企业母公司逐渐关注海外子公司向其进行的逆向知识转移。本文从母公司视角切入探讨了吸收能力和制度环境对逆向知识转移的影响作用,基于对我国海外投资企业的问卷调研和实证分析,我们发现,输入方母公司的知识吸收能力从知识共享、学习和应用以及知识再创新能力三个层次对逆向知识转移产生不同影响,而企业内部制度环境也从创新文化、学习型组织、管理信息系统、资源支持和沟通渠道等方面为知识转移提供支持。同时在对不同类型知识的转移频率,不同层次知识转移效果的具体研究中,上述因素的影响作用呈现显著差异。

With the development of multinational investments of Chinese enterprises,the host countries of Chinese investing enterprises have transformed from developing countries to the developed ones,and our enterprises have emphasized on knowledge-seeking motivations more and more.In order to meet the knowledge needs,Chinese parent enterprises have gradually focused on the reverse knowledge transfer which could share knowledge resources with subsidiaries in host countries.And this paper would make an empirical research on the parent enterprises＇ factors of reverse knowledge transfer,which contain absorptive capability and institute environment factors.According to statistic analysis,it could be concluded that absorptive capabilities have made significant effect on reverse knowledge transfer in three types as the sharing capability,the applying capability and the innovative capability,while the institute environment factors have also dramatic effect on knowledge transfer,containing innovative culture,the learning system,and MIS,the supporting resources,communicating channels and so on.Finally,in the analysis based on different indexes of reverse knowledge transfer,the above independent factors have even made quite different effect on the dependent indexes.