议会主权下的英国弱型违宪审查

Weak Form of Constitutional Review in the Context of Parliamentary Sovereignty in the UK

维护议会主权与对人权的司法保护,为何在英国被认为存在矛盾?根源在于英国对其宪政传统——议会主权——的维护。英国通过在1998年《人权法》中建立弱型违宪审查机制的折中方式调和了这一矛盾。英国宪政改革的难题也是其他议会主权国家建立违宪审查制度时所必然面对的。英国弱型违宪审查的制度和原理为其他奉行议会至上原则的国家建立违宪审查机制提供了一个参考模板。

Preserving parliamentary sovereignty and judicial protection of human rights should be a pair of harmonious values,but they were incompatible in the UK.As the origin of democracy and constitutionalism, why the United Kingdom did not have a human rights bill until 1998? The reason is the concern of the supremacy of Parliament.However,the UK finally established a weak form of constitutional review to resolve this problem.Those countries who also believe in the parliamentary sovereignty may face the same problem when they consider establishing the constitutional review. This paper will study the experience of the UK comparing with American experience and German experience.Finally,it tries to provide a mode both practically and theoretically for those countries.