美国的社区教育

Community education of the United States

构建社区是城市规划中普遍认同的理念,发展社区教育是社区建设的重要组成部分。美国是世界上开展社区规划较早并且社区教育发展水平比较高的国家之一。在一百多年的社区及社区教育发展历程中,它不断从失败中总结经验,最终形成较为科学的体系。美国目前较成功的社区教育模式是社区学院和社区图书馆,它们是传统教育的有益补充。美国的经验启示我们:发展学习型社会和构建终身教育体系要依靠社区教育,而社区教育的开展需要政府支持、社会合作和居民参与;社区教育内容应切合居民需求并注重地方特色;建立全国统一的社区学院行业规范才能使其得到社会广泛认可;加强各级学校与社区合作能够优化利用教育资源。

Constructing community is the universal theory of urban planning, and developing community education is the essential part of community construction. USA is one of the countries that have initiated urban planning and whose community educational level is higher than other countries. In more than one hundred years, the community and the community education of USA have learned a lot from the experiences and formed a sci- entific system finally. At present, the successful modes of Amer- ican community education are community college and community library which are the useful supplements to traditional education. American experiences reveal that： the establishment of learning society and lifelong educational system rely on community educa- tion whose development needs the support from government, the social cooperation and the participation of the residents; the contents of the community education should meet the needs of the residents and emphasize the local characteristics; the establishment of nationwide unified professional standard for community college would make it accepted by the society; the strengthening of the cooperation between schools and communities can utilize the educational resources fully.