双重权势转移视阈下的奥巴马政府对非洲政策

Obama Administration's Africa Policy under the Double Power Shift Process

当前,权势转移是双重的:一是全球体系层次上从主权国家向非国家行为体的权势转移,二是国际体系层次上从西方国家向非西方国家的权势转移。这双重权势转移对美国的意义截然不同。奥巴马政府"重振美国领导地位"的全球战略需要既利用全球权势转移,又管理国际权势转移。结合美国长期性的实力衰落和短期性的财政困难,奥巴马政府的全球战略首先着手应对全球权势转移,逐渐转向应对国际权势转移。非洲的落后和危机状态,使其在美国应对全球权势转移和国际权势转移的努力中的地位不尽相同。奥巴马政府第一任期的对非洲政策主要服务于美国应对全球权势转移的努力,多象征性行动,少物质性支撑;由于其第二任期的全球战略将围绕应对国际权势转移展开,进而其对非洲政策也将为此服务,进而可能产生更为明显的物质性和短期性影响,并留下更为可见的政策遗产。

Current power shift is happening at two levels simultaneously： one is from sovereign state to non - state actors at the global system level （global power shift） ; the other is from the West to the rest at the international system level （inter- national power shift ） . To renew American leadership, President Barack Obama needs to deal with this double power shifts at the same time; combining with Ameri- can long- term decline and short- term fiscal difficulties, Obama Administration started from dealing with global power shift, then gradually moved to international power shift. Africa＇ s economic underdevelopment and various crises make the conti- nent more relevant to President 0bama＇ s global power shift strategy than to interna- tional power shift strategy. Focusing on defining Africa＇ s position in the strategy of dealing with the global power shift, the Africa policy of President Obama＇ s first term is more strategy statements than substantial actions. Based on achievements and les- sons of his first term, President Obama will focus more on international power shift in his second term and Africa will be more visible due to some more concrete but short - term policies, which will leave more policy legacies for President himself.