潜射导弹空化特性水洞模型试验研究

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF CAVITATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SUB-LAUNCHED MISSILE MODELS IN WATER TUNNEL

潜射导弹水下弹道品质决定了发射过程的成败。发射速度提高形成的导弹附体空泡造成了流体动力的不确定性,增加了水下弹道设计的难度。针对潜射导弹水下航行的特点,采用通气空泡技术来模拟不同空化状态下航行的导弹,给出了空泡形态及其流体动力特性,分析了锥头锥角对空泡形态和流体动力特性的影响,得出了回射流效应及弹体自由攻角随锥角增大而增大的结论。借鉴超空泡武器外形理论,设计了增强弹道稳定性的截头锥头型,并通过试验验证了该头型弹体稳定性好的特点。试验结果可供潜射导弹水弹道设计人员参考。

The quality of a water trajectory decides whether the sub-launched missiles can be launched successfully.The attached cavity on a missile due to velocity increase adds to the indeterminacy of fluid forces,and it enhances the difficulty of water trajectory design.According to the features of a sub-launched missile navigating in water,experiments were carried out to investigate the cavity profile and force characteristics using the ventilated cavity method.The effects of the angle of a conical head on the cavity shape and the fluid dynamic features were studied,with the conclusion that the re-entrant jet effect and the free attack angle become more distinct as the cone angle increases.Referring to the shape-design theory of supercavitating vehicles,a series of truncate conical heads were designed.The experiment results have validated the improved stability performance of the new models,which can be referenced by sub-launched missile underwater ballistics design engineers.