戈尔巴乔夫时期书刊检查制度评析

Censorship during the Gorbachev's time

戈尔巴乔夫时期,书刊检查依然存在,其主要内容体现在调节书刊检查机关职能,保守国家与军事秘密,维护国家经济利益,控制传媒出版机关的人事权等。书刊保密局仍然听命于戈尔巴乔夫的指令,任何有悖于"改革"思想的大众传媒都会受到惩罚。但戈尔巴乔夫时期苏联面临的国内形势与之前已经大不相同,社会各界对苏共僵化教条、停滞保守、无所作为等行为积怨颇深,越来越多的人开始反对书刊检查制度。戈尔巴乔夫顺应了这一潮流,以"公开性"为理由,对大众传媒进行了一系列解禁行动,苏联人民看到了取消书刊检查的曙光。但有一点十分清楚,戈尔巴乔夫政府对大众传媒的解禁,实际上是对其进行的新型控制,"激进"的媒体仍然与戈尔巴乔夫政府保持高度一致,不听命的媒体则被禁止。戈尔巴乔夫时期,苏联大众传媒乱象丛生,在苏联解体过程中扮演了推波助澜的角色。直到《俄罗斯联邦大众传媒法》的颁布,书刊检查在苏联才宣告彻底废除。

The censorship has maintained under Gorbachev time.The State Secrets Bureau still take orders from Gorbachev's directive,and any mass media contrary to the idea of ' Perestroika' will be punished.Against the background that more and more people are object to censorship,Gorbachev took a series of measures to lift the ban on mass media.The reason for that is Glastnost.However,those mass media that didn' t conform with Perestroika and Glastnost still face to be prohibited.Censorship didn' t be demolished until the Mass Media Law of 1991 was born.