能源与非能源投入生产要素替代关系的研究述评

A Survey of the Substitution between Energy and Non-energy Input Factors

经济学中的替代关系根源于微观经济生产理论,能源作为投入要素能否被其他要素替代以及在多大程度上被替代,直接关系到节能减排政策的选择。然而基于不同的样本和方法,资本、劳动力和能源之间的关系及其大小均表现出较大的差异性。本文基于能源与非能源替代关系的经济学理论基础,总结主流的弹性计算方法,梳理了国际相关经验研究,并剖析差异性结论的原因,以推进我国同类领域的理论研究。

The substitution originated from the production theory in micro-economic area. The degree and the magnitude of energy substitution guide the choices on policies for energy saving and carbon emission reduction. However, by the various samplings and methods, little consensus is reached regarding the sign and degree of substitution elasticity among capital, labor and energy. Based on the theory of substitution between energy and other inputs, the present paper summarizes the mainstream substitution methods, concludes the empirical researches from abroad and discovers the causes of divergences. It helps to move forward the theoretical study in light of energy substitution for our country.