哈尔滨市社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Harbin communities

目的了解哈尔滨市社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患病率和危险因素，为COPD的防治提供客观依据。方法2009年9月至2011年3月，对哈尔滨市5个社区40岁以上自愿接受调查的常住居民进行问卷调查及肺功能检测。以吸人支气管舒张剂后FEV1／FVC〈0．70作为诊断COPD的肺功能标准，对符合该标准的患者通过询问病史、x线胸片和心电图检查排除其他可能导致肺功能损害的心肺疾病。结果共有l100例有效纳入本调查，平均年龄（60．26±12．32）岁，COPD患病率达2．95％，男性为3．95％，女性为2．08％，男性明显高于女性（3．95％比2．08％，P〈0．01）。COPD的主要危险因素为吸烟，在检出的COPD患者中，有吸烟史占75％。结论哈尔滨市社区COPD低于全国平均水平，患者对自己患COPD的知晓率有所提高。

Objective To study the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） ,and provide reliable data of COPD prevention and management. Methods The residents in five communities of Harbin, aged over 40 years old, were recruited voluntarily from September 2009 to March 2011 using the questionnaire survey and the lung function examination. The post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC〈 0.70 was defined as COPD. Those individuals with FEV1/FVC lower than 0.7 would received history inquiry, X-ray of chest and ECG to exclude other disease that could impair pulmonary function. Results 1 100 subjects were enrolled in this study, the mean age of these subjects was （60.26± 12.32） years. The overall prevalence of COPD was 2.95%, of which, the male prevalence was 3.95%, the female prevalence was 2.08%. The male prevalence was significantly higher than the female prevalence （3.95% vs 2.08%, P 〈0.01）. The major risk was factor was cigarettes smoking. Of the COPD,75% （24/32）were smokers. Conclusions The prevalence of COPD in Harbin is lower than average level of the whole country and public awareness of the COPD has been increasing.