刺萼龙葵种群在中国不同分布地区的表型变异

Phenotypic variation in populations of Solanum rostratum in different distribution areas in China

外来有害植物刺萼龙葵(Solanum rostratum)又名黄花刺茄,已扩散至中国多省,各地的种群在表型上存在差异。为揭示刺萼龙葵在中国不同分布区表型变异产生的原因及变异规律,该文以来自中国9个地区的刺萼龙葵种群的种子为材料,进行同质生物园种植。通过对营养和生殖器官共10个表型性状进行严格细致的测量,并采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)、变异系数分析、主成分分析、聚类分析(UPGMA)和相关性分析等数理方法,分析了各个种群的表型变异。结果表明:(1)来自不同种群的刺萼龙葵在10个性状上差异均极显著(p<0.01),表明种群间的性状差异具有遗传上的稳定性;(2)营养性状平均变异系数(CV=18.2%)显著高于花部性状(CV=9%),结合主成分分析的结果,可得出冠幅、花冠直径、节间距以及株高是决定表型变异的主要代表性状;(3)种群间的聚类分析将刺萼龙葵的9个种群划分为3类,表型性状并没有依地理距离而聚类;(4)地理因子中,对性状影响最大的是海拔,其次是经度,最后是纬度。

Aims The invasive alien plant Solanum rostratum China. Our objectives were to determine the reason phenotype variation. has different phenotypes in different distribution areas in for the phenotype variation and to find typical traits of the Methods Seeds of S. rostratum collected from nine areas of distribution in China were sowed in a common garden. We investigated 10 phenotypic traits and used one-way ANOVA, principal component analysis, UPGMA cluster analysis and correlation analysis to analyze results. Important findings Inter-population variation was significant in all morphological characters （p 〈 0.01）, indicating that the phenotypic variation had a genetic foundation. The coefficient of variation of reproductive organs （CV = 18.2%） was higher than that of vegetative organs （CV = 9%）. Analysis of CV and the principal component analysis of phenotypic traits both indicated that the traits of radius, corolla diameter, internode space and plant height were the main factors accounting for the phenotypic variations. According to UPGMA cluster analysis, the nine populations could be divided into three groups. These cluster results were not due to geographic distances. Altitude had greater influence on phenotypic traits than longitude and latitude.