日语词汇性与语法性复合动词的差异

Distinction of lexical and syntactic compound verbs in Japanese

为区分词汇性和语法性复合动词,对前后两项动词在意思结构上的差异进行实例分析。发现:后项动词一致的两个复合动词有可能分属于词汇性复合动词和语法性复合动词。两类复合动词的区分可按照替换和归类的方法进行。后项动词归属于作为语法性复合动词构成要素的30个词、并且当前后两项动词分别替换到含有复合动词的句子中时,句子意思依然成立的复合动词是词汇性复合动词;反之是语法性复合动词。同时,以这30个词为后项动词的复合动词有可能是词汇性复合动词。

To distinguish lexical compound verbs and syntactic compound verbs, case analy-ses were made of differences in meaning structures between the former part and latter part of lexical and syntactic compound verbs. Findings show that compound verbs with identical latter parts may belong to lexical compound verbs and syntactic compound verbs. Classifica-tion and substitution are two methods to distinguish the two compound verbs. Lexical com-pound verbs are those whose latter part is one of the 30 words--parts of syntactic corn-pound verbs and those that won＇t change the sentence meaning when their former and the latter parts are respectively put into the sentence with compound verbs. With sentence meanings changed, the verb is a lexical compound verb. However, the compound verb with these 30 words as the latter part may still be syntactic compound verbs.