修身与治国:蒋介石的省克生活

Self-Cultivation and Statecraft: Chiang Kai-shek's Self-Reflection and Self-Control in His Daily Life

《蒋中正"总统"五记》一书中的"省克记"摘录了蒋氏日记中有关自我反省的记载,这些史料反映了蒋介石如何修身,及其修身与治国之间的关系。蒋氏省克思想一方面源自他自幼研习的宋明理学,并植根于儒家孝道思想,另一方面也受到基督教的影响。蒋介石几乎每日都进行自我反省,检讨个人道德、知识与事功等方面的缺失。蒋介石的省克生活不但表现出以传统理学为基础,并加进中国与日本近代的阳明学,以及基督教信仰而抟成的思想特征,更反映出1949年之后他以伦理、民主与科学三科作为治台基调的思想基础。

Based on Chiang Kai-shek＇s diary and publication of related materials such as President Chiang Kai-shek＇s Five Records （Jiang Zhongzheng ＂zongtong＂ wuji）, we are able to understand the details of his private life and its relation with his public behavior. This paper uses ＂Xingke ji＂ （the Record of Self-Reflection and Self-Control） in the Wuji as its major source to analyze the origins of his xingke ideas and practices. Chiang＇s notion of xingke was based on two foundations： his Neo-Confu-cianism and his Christian background. Under the influences of Neo-Confucian self-cultivation and Christian introspection, Chiang examined his moral flaws and other serious malpractices. Jiang＇s life of self-reflection and self-control was founded on Neo-Confucianism and absorbed Chinese and Japanese Yang-Ming Study. After 1949, Chiang＇s character also had a deep influence on his government in Taiwan, adding ＂ethics＂ to the ＂democracy and science＂ advocated by the May Fourth scholars as his basic guiding principles.