河北省冬小麦生育期热量资源变化分析

Heat Resources Variation During Growth Period of Winter Wheat in Hebei Province

利用京、津、冀区域80个气象观测站196l～2010年观测资料,重点分析了河北省冬小麦种植区的积温、生育期及负积温的时空分布、年际变化和年代际变化。结果表明,随着全球气候变暖,小麦越冬前的积温及生育期、返青后的积温及生育期,总的分布呈自北向南增加的趋势,小麦越冬前积温增加最多的是东北部,平均每10 a增加13.0℃,增加最少的是中部,平均每10 a增加8.4℃。小麦返青后的积温增加最多的是北部,平均每10 a增加40.9℃,增加最少的是中部,平均每10 a增加30.7℃。小麦越冬期间负积温的绝对值南部明显少于北部,并且由南向北逐渐增大,近50 a冬季负积温绝对值下降,尤其是1988年以来气候变暖明显,不易发生冻害,对冬小麦安全越冬有利。

Based on the 80 meteorological stations＇ data in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei from 1961 to 2010,this paper discussed the temporal and spatial variation of accumulated temperature,growth period and negative accumulated temperature in winter wheat planting regions in Hebei Province.Results indicated that the accumulated temperature and growth period of winter wheat before overwintering period and after re-green stage presented an increasing trend from north to south area,and the largest increase appeared in the northeast before overwintering period with the rate of 13.0 ℃/10 a,but the little increase appeared in the middle region with the rate of 8.4 ℃/10 a.After re-green stage,the highest increase of accumulated temperature was in north area with the rate of 40.9 ℃/10 a,but less increase was in the middle region with the rate of 30.7 ℃/10 a.The absolute value of negative accumulated temperature during overwintering stage was obviously less in south region than that of north region,and gradually increased from south to north.The absolute value of negative accumulated temperature in winter decreased in recent 50 years,which was advantageous to winter wheat growth.