新和县棉田土壤营养障碍与效应研究

Nutrient Obstacle Factors and Effect of Cotton Field in Xinhe

在新和县灌淤类土壤上进行了 2 a田间土壤 N、P、K、B、Mn、Zn施肥试验和叶面 B、Mn、Zn喷施试验。结果表明 ,N仍是土壤营养障碍的首要限制因子 ,其次是 P,K为第三限制因子。微量元素 B、Mn、Zn未成为明显的限制因子 ,对棉花高产有重要作用 ,目前 B的增产作用大于 Mn和 Zn。 B肥叶面喷施效果好于土施 ,Mn、Zn基施并结合各生育期叶面喷施效果较好。不同营养障碍因子对棉花不同生育期的影响显示 ,出苗至 3～ 4叶期 K、P、N、Mn的影响稍明显 ,K可能对促进棉籽萌发和出苗有一定作用 ;苗期至蕾期 N、P、Mn和 Zn营养对棉花的生长和现蕾影响较大 ;蕾期到花铃期土壤营养对棉花的影响更为明显 ,这一时期对蕾的影响 N最大 ,其次为 K、P、B。缺 K、缺 Mn、Zn则成铃率降低 ;不同营养障碍使铃重有不同程度的降低 ,其中以 N、P营养影响最大 ;缺 N、B和

It has been 16 years since we used the results of the second soil investingation to guide management of soil and fertilization for production in Xinjiang. Whether or not the nutrition obstacle factors have changed? The field test of N,P,K,B,Mn, Zn and foliage spraying experiment of B,Mn, Zn showed that the obstache factors have changed. The first factor is N, and then P,K,respectively.Microelement B, Mn, Zn has not become the obvious obstacle factors, but they affected cotton yield importantly. And now the effect of B>Mn>Zn. Foliage spraying B fertilizer was more efficient than broadcasting acted as basal manure. As for Mn and Zn, their effects were good combined broadcasting with spraying during every growth period. Through analysis the influence of obstacle factors to different growth, it has been known that the effects of different nutrition elements were different during every development period, and the effect of one element was also different. From germination to 3～4 leaves, the effects of K,P and Mn were a little clear, may be K is good at germinating and budding.During budding period, the effects of N, P,Mn, Zn on growth and boll were clear. During boll period, the effect of nutrition elements became clearer, the effect of N on boll was the strongest, and following is K,P,B,respectively. K,Mn, Zn deficiency lead to the boll rate dropped, bud weight reduced in vary degrees under different obstacle. The effects of N and P were strong. N,B,K deficiency lead to shedding rate increased.