出走与回归:王国维悲剧观的现代意识

Leaving and Returning: Modern Consciousness on the View of Tragedy of Wang Guowei

从《〈红楼梦〉评论》到《宋元戏曲考》,王国维的悲剧精神最核心的变化是:主体意志由"解脱"变为"赴汤蹈火",由对个体在世苦难的悄然担当变为对外在的社会悲剧的显明承负。其内在的是王国维思想的深层裂变——由启蒙人文主义的个体道德意志转变成儒家的集体道德意志,由西方现代性伦理回归中国传统伦理。其中的关键点是潜在的现代性抉择——由对知识人的主体价值拯救转变成对民族的社会价值拯救,在世界文化的现代性视阈中重塑中国人的价值信念。这种民族性精神的重构历程体现出的是,通过对中国儒家伦理道德的坚守确证在世界化的现代社会中拥有合理性的民族身份。

From Commentary on ＂The Dream of Red Chamber＂ to Comments on ＂Traditional Operas of Song and Yuan Dynasties＇, the core of change of Wang Guowei＇s tragic spirit was that subject＇s will changed from relief to commitment to the suffering, from quiet commitment to the suffering of the individual living to clear commitment to the outside social tragedy. The interior was the deep fission in the thinking of Wang Guowei： from the individual moral will of enlightening humanism to the collective moral will of Confucianism, from western modern ethics to Chinese traditional ethics. The key point was the potential choice of modernity：changing from the saving of intellectuals＂ subject value to the saving of national social value and remodeling values and beliefs of Chinese within the modern vi- sion of the world＇s culture. The process of reconstruction of national spirit reflected the confirmation that we had reasonable national identity in modern society of the world by adhering to Chinese Confucian ethics.