民国时期农村教育及其经费问题

Rural education and its funding problems during the period of the Republic of China

为研究民国时期农村教育发展情况及其经费来源,结合时人对于教育问题的调查与探讨,对农村教育危机、农村学校师资配备以及农村教育落后的影响等问题进行剖析。分析认为,民国时期的教育危机很大程度上是因为农村教育经费匮乏;教育经费不足显然与外来侵略、政局不稳、军阀林立、乡绅盘剥和农民赤贫化以及自然灾害频仍等因素密切相关;民国时期农村教育落后严重阻碍了中国社会的现代化。

In order to study the rural education development situation and sources of funds since modem times, especially during the period of the Republic of China, the paper analyzed the rural educa- tion crisis, rural school teachers and the influences of the rural education with the help of a huge amount of documents. The analysis finds that during that period the education crisis was largely due to lack of funds in the rural education; many factors were responsible for education fund shortage and at the same time, rural education backwardness seriously hindered the modernization of the Chinese society.