集聚空间外部性、城乡劳动力流动对收入差距的影响

Affection of Agglomeration Spatial Externality,Urban-rural Labor Mobility on Income Gap

本文借鉴新经济地理学的相关理论,在城市生产函数中引入集聚空间外部性,利用均衡模型推导出产业集聚、农村劳动力流动等因素影响城乡收入差距的方程,并探讨了产业集聚、农村劳动力流动影响城乡收入差距的具体路径与内在机理,认为伴随城市产业集聚规模效益的变动,农村劳动力流动影响城乡收入差距的轨迹呈现倒U型的阶段性特征。随后基于模型方程采用空间面板计量方法进行了实证检验,结果发现:(1)产业集聚、劳动力流动等因素通过影响本省区城乡差距,进一步将作用传递和迭加到相邻省区城乡差距之上;(2)城市产业集聚过程中我国农村劳动力流动对城乡居民收入的影响目前尚处于极化效应阶段,农村劳动力流动通过加速城市产业集聚扩大了城乡收入差距。

Based on the new economic geography theory,this paper introduces agglomeration spatial externality into city production function,derives the equation of urban-rural income gap influenced on industrial agglomeration,rural labor mobility and other factors using equilibrium model,and then discusses the specific pathway and immanent mechanism of impact of industrial agglomeration,rural labor mobility on urban-rural income gap,we think that the trail of impact of rural labor mobility on urban-rural income gap show inverted U type stage characteristics with the change of scale economies of city industry agglomeration.Then the paper conducts empirical study based on the model equation using spatial panel data econometrics,we find that：（1）industrial agglomeration,labor mobility and other factors transfers and superposes the role to urban-rural gap of neighboring provinces through affecting the provincial urban-rural gap further.（2）the impact of China rural labor mobility on urban and rural residents income is still in the stage of polarization effect in the course of city industry agglomeration,rural labor mobility widens urban-rural income gap through the acceleration of city industry agglomeration.