对“英国伦敦慈善组织协会”的社会理论及其实践活动的评析

Comments on the Social Theory and Practice of "the Charity Organization Society of London"

1869年建立的"英国伦敦慈善组织协会"的社会理论属于个人主义哲学的范畴,其中蕴含着深刻的社会改革目标和理想。慈善组织协会的建立,不仅是为了寻求与济贫法当局以及与其他慈善组织之间的协作,实现社会救助的合理性;也是为了找到一种"科学的"救济方法,避免穷人过度依赖国家的支持。慈善组织协会在界定与协调志愿部门与官方机构之间的关系等方面所做的探讨和尝试,成为今天福利国家所倡导的新型伙伴关系的源头,这对当下有关福利国家的改革与发展具有重要的参考价值。

The social theory of Britain＇s Charity Organization Society of London （the COSL, founded in 1869） belongs to the category of individualism in philosophy, which carries profound social reform goals and ideals. The establishment of the COSL is not only to seek collaboration with the authorities in charge of the Poor Law and other charity organizations, in order to realize the rationality of social assistance, but also to find a ＂scientific＂ relief method to avoid the excessive de- pendence of the poor on the government. What the COSL has explored and attempted concerning the way to define and coordinate the relationship between volunteer organizations and governmental agencies has now become the source of the new partnership advocated by the welfare states. Therefore, it has an important reference value to the reform and development of the relevant welfare states today.