论质权的留置效力——兼论质权的效力体系

On the Lien Effect of the Pledge Right

与抵押权的优先受偿这一单层效力结构不同,质权是以留置效力为根基的双层效力体系,它同时具有优先受偿和留置两大效力。留置效力由质权之现实支配性而生,优先受偿效力由质权之价值性而生,前者是后者的前提和保障。动产质权与权利质权都具有留置效力,其区别于同时履行抗辩与原始留置权,构成质权的特征效力。伴随质权留置效力而来的质权人孳息收取权、质物保管义务构成质权留置效力的附属效力。债务人或出质人提前清偿,可以消解质权的留置效力。

The pledge right has the lien effect. In the light of Real Right Law of the People＇s Republic of China, the mortgage right has no lien effect at all. The lien effect is the main effect of the lien right, but clear distinctions exist between the lien effect of the lien right and of the pledge right. Among the effect groups of the pledge right, the lien effect is the basic one, which is the foundation of the other effects. Meanwhile, a series of rights and obligations between pledgee and pledger are the attached legal effect of the lien effect of the pledge right.