2012年中国气候概况

Climatic Characteristics over China in 2012

2012年,全国年平均气温9.4℃,接近常年,但年内起伏较大;年降水量669.3 mm,较常年偏多6.3%,但时空分布不均。年内,气象灾害种类多,局地灾情重:暴雨过程多,局部洪涝和山洪地质灾害重,长江、黄河和海河等流域先后出现明显汛情,北京、甘肃、四川、重庆、云南、贵州、宁夏、青海和新疆等地出现山洪地质灾害;台风登陆时间集中,影响范围广,8月上旬"达维"、"苏拉"、"海葵"3个台风一周内接连登陆中国,影响15个省(区、市);区域性、阶段性低温阴雨天气多发,对农业生产造成一定影响;11—12月北方多次大范围暴雪天气,部分地区遭受雪灾。综合来看,2012年气象灾害为偏轻年份,直接经济损失偏重,死亡失踪人数和受灾面积均明显偏少。

In 2012, the annual mean temperature in China was 9.4℃, which was near normal but having some bigger fluctuations. The annual precipitation was 669.3 mm, 6.3% more than normal but with une- ven spatial and temporal distribution. In 2012, many kinds of meteorological disasters occurred in China and some places were hit very seriously. There were many severe rainstorm events causing serious regional floods, mountain terrents and geological hazards. Very obvious floods were found successively in Yangtze River Basin, Yellow River Basin, Haihe River Basin, etc. Mountain terrents and geological hazards at- tacked Beijing, Gansu, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang. The typhoons named ＂Damrey＂, ＂Saola＂ and ＂Haikui＂ landed in China in a raw within one week at the beginning of Au- gust, affecting 15 provinces （or autonomous regions and municipalities）. Low temperature, overcast and rainy weathers in some local areas happened frequently, having severe influences on agriculture. Then, a wide range of snowstorms appeared in northern China for three times from November to December and some regions suffered seriously from snow hazards. In general, 2012 was a year with less meteorological disasters. Direct economic losses were significant though, the death toll and disater-hit areas decreased notably.