细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))对气道的病理作用及其与哮喘病理机制的关系

Pathological effects of particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) on pulmonary airways and its roles in asthma pathobiology

哮喘是危害人类健康的重要呼吸疾病,但其复杂的病理机制仍然没有完全认识清楚。近年来,环境因素在哮喘病理机制中的作用日益受到关注。其中,细颗粒物(PM2.5)的作用,特别是其对气道组织细胞结构与功能的病理作用成为研究的热点和前沿,并获得许多重要的发现。本文围绕哮喘的最主要病理特征,即气道炎症和气道高反应性,综述介绍有关PM2.5对气道病理作用与机制的最新研究进展和重要发现,包括PM2.5在气道的运输与沉积规律、PM2.5与气道炎症和损伤、PM2.5与气道重塑、PM2.5与气道高反应性、PM2.5对气道平滑肌细胞力学的间接和直接影响等。分析PM2.5对哮喘病理过程中气道生物力学的作用机理对研究PM2.5对呼吸系统的影响有重要参考价值。

Asthma is an important respiratory disease that endangers human health, while its complex mecha- nisms of pathobiology have not been fully understood. Recently, environmental factors are increasingly recog- nized to play important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. In particular, the effect of PM2.5 （ particulate matter with diameter smaller than 2..5 μm） on the structure and function of pulmonary airways at cell level has become a research hotspot and frontier, and led to many important findings. In this article, the main pathological features, i.e. airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness were discussed, and recent progress and important findings in pathological effects of PM2.5 on the airway and its mechanism were reviewed, including PM2.5 transport and depo- sition in the airway, PM~.5 and airway inflammation and damage, PM2.5 and airway remodeling, PM2.5 and airway hyperresponsiveness, PM2.5 and airway smooth muscle cell mechanics via either indirect regulation or direct inter- action. The analysis on the role of PM2.5 in airway biomechanics in relation to asthma pathobiology will provide a valuable reference for studying effects of PM2.5 on the respiratory system.