高屈曲状态下膝关节静力稳定结构的生物力学研究进展

Advance in biomechanics researches of major knee ligaments at high flexion angles

膝关节高屈曲状态在亚洲国家和中东地区的日常生活及特殊职业中极为常见。膝关节静力稳定结构包括前、后交叉韧带,内、外侧副韧带及关节囊,其主要功能是维持关节稳定性,其生物力学和运动学特点对全膝置换术中软组织松解、膝关节韧带重建及损伤后的康复具有重要意义。本文对近年来膝关节生物力学的研究方法及静力稳定结构在膝关节由伸直到高屈曲运动过程中的生物力学特点进行了阐述;对今后全膝置换术中软组织平衡、膝关节韧带修复与重建及伤后与术后康复方面的研究方向进行了展望和预测。

High flexion of the knee is very common for some specific occupations and daily activities in many Asian and Mid-East countries. The major ligaments, including anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament and joint capsule, are the most important static structures with function to maintain stability of the knee. Therefore, a thorough understanding on biomechanics and kinemat- ics of the major knee ligaments at high flexion angles is significant in treatment of soft tissue release during total knee arthroplasty, anatomical cruciate ligament reconstruction and rehabilitation of knee disorders. In this paper, the research methods on knee biomechanics in recent years, and the biomechanical properties of the static knee structure from stretching to high flexion are reviewed. The further aim of the research direction in soft tissue bal- ance during total knee arthroplasty, repair and reconstruction of knee ligaments, postoperative rehabilitation after knee injuries in the future are predicted.