中国现代水产种业建设的思考

Consideration on development of modern aquatic seed industry in China

我国水产养殖业的迅猛发展带动了种业的快速发展。当前,推动水产种业由传统向现代化转变,是我国由水产养殖大国向水产养殖强国转变的关键。本文系统地回顾了我国水产种业发展的历程,分析了发展现状,总结了良种选育工作滞后、良种繁育工作条件落后的两大问题。在论述了现代水产种业的概念、特征及建设必要性后,论文列举了三种借鉴模式即企业主导的发展模式、政府主导的发展模式及多方协作的发展模式。最后,本文提出要培育成熟的现代水产种业体系,必须培育成熟的现代种业主体的四点措施,并强调了水产技术推广体系在其中可发挥的作用。

In China, the huge development of aquaculture has driven the rapid progress of aquatic seed industry. Currently, aquatic seed industry developing from traditional state into modern stage is considered as one key step to promote Chinese aquaculture developing from big country into powerful country. The paper reviewed the developmental course and current status of aquatic seed industry in China, and also indicated two main problems of aquatic seed industry in which slow progress in artificial breeding and limited conditions in bred production. Meanwhile, the paper expressed the conception, characteristics and developmental necessity of modern aquatic seed industry. Furthermore, the paper presented three developmental modes in China, including company-dominant mode, government-dominant mode and multi-partners collaboration modes. At last, four measures were suggested to establish modernly main aquatic seed organizations for promoting modem aquatic seed industry system. On the other hand, this paper emphasized the importance of Fisheries technology extension system in establishing modern aquatic seed industry.