设施园艺工程集成模式的表达方式和评价方法

Expression and evaluation method of integrated modes for protected horticulture engineering

中国设施农业的发展模式和工程集成模式具有复杂、多样的特点,在技术路线选择、成果输出形式等方面存在较大的难度,因此权威性和系统性的成果很少。该研究在对全国20个省级地区设施园艺发展模式进行充分调研和总结的基础上,运用前期建立的设施园艺工程集成构建方法,在对技术、组织、产业模式进行标准化处理的基础上,将中国设施园艺的模式转化为27种模块化的标准化表达方式;从中选择具有较好的典型性和发展性的9种模式作为模式评价的目标;然后运用投资组合战略分析工具GE麦肯锡矩阵的原理建立起模式"先进性-现实性"动态评价矩阵;以当前和中期为时间节点,运用该评价矩阵对中国设施园艺模式进行评价,获得在未来8～10年应当重点发展和研究的3种模式,分别为市场环境、合作组织下的规模化技术模式,市场环境、企业组织下的规模化技术模式,市场环境、企业组织下的专业化技术模式。研究成果对中国设施园艺的发展具有一定的知道意义,其研究的路线、方法对农业工程其他领域的集成模式研究也有参考价值。

To guide the industrial development, it is an important way to grasp industry rules and apply these rules scientifically through establishing development modes. Development modes and integrated modes of protected agriculture engineering in China are featured with complexity and diversity, which means great difficulty in technical route choice and formation of outputs, therefore few authoritative and systematic modes are achieved. The open complicated giant system of dynamic horticultural facilities was reverted to 3 subsystems module, such as technology, organization and industry by using constructive methods of engineering integrative mode for protected horticulture. Based on the investigation and analysis of development modes for protected horticulture in more than 20 provinces, the characteristics of the subsystems were standardized by refining, induction and abstract, then they were overall coupled into integrative mode, which was given and expressed in modular way. There are 27 types of modular modes for protected horticulture in China. Nine modes with good representative and growth were selected as the evaluation modes. The nine kinds of mode are respectively the fragmentation of technology mode under spontaneous environment and farmer organization, the fragmentation of technology mode under spontaneous environment and cooperation organization, the large-scale technology mode under spontaneous environment and enterprise organization, the fragmentation of technology mode under market environment and farmer organization, the large-scale technology mode under market environment and farmer organization, the fragmentation of technology mode under market environment and cooperation organization, the large-scale technology mode under market environment and cooperation organization, the large-scale technology mode under market environment and enterprise organization, and the professional technology mode under the market environment and the enterprise organization. Then, decision-making and strategic analysis tools were taken as an example, on the basis of the specific period building model elements for dynamic evaluation, the characteristics and evolution regularity of modes in different periods was explored. Thereby, it provides a theoretical support and practical tool for evaluation, selection and optimization of general-specific mode. Dynamic matrix of ‘advancement and reality’evaluation for the current mode and the forward mode was built by using Portfolio strategy analysis tools GE Mckinsey matrix principle. The market competitiveness （bargaining power, average yield, quality level）, the anti-risk capability （anti-natural risk, anti-market risk, financing capacity）, the sustainability （social sustainability, environmental sustainability）, the market environment （convenience of linked-up market, price of affordability, trust of customer）, the policy environment （completeness of policy, performance of policy, fund）, the element environment （technical supply, human guarantee, land supply） were chosen for the evaluation indicators. Finally, three types of macro modes of protected horticulture in China, which should be developed and studied in the next eight to ten years, were evolved according to the evaluation matrix. Respectively, the first type was the large-scale technology mode under the market environment and cooperation organization; the second type was the large-scale technology mode under the market environment and the enterprise organization; the third type was the professional technology mode under the market environment and the enterprise organization. The results of the study will not only play an important role in the development of protected horticulture in current and future period in China, but also offer a new reference for the routes, methods and tools of the study of integrated mode in other areas of agricultural engineering.