电子垃圾拆卸区铅暴露对儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的影响

Effects of lead exposure on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children from an e-waste recycling area

目的了解电子垃圾拆卸区铅暴露对儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的影响情况。方法选择广东贵屿镇172例2~8岁儿童作为研究对象,取其静脉血检测血铅浓度,采用DSM-IV父母及教师量表对儿童ADHD行为症状进行评分。结果本组172例2~8岁儿童铅中毒率为29.1%,ADHD流行率根据父母量表为13.4%,教师量表为7.0%。血铅与两量表的ADHD行为症状总评分、各亚型评分均呈正相关性（P均〈0.01）。铅中毒组的两量表ADHD行为症状总评分、各亚型评分均高于非铅中毒组,差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.01）。男童相对女童在铅中毒情况下更容易表现出ADHD行为症状。结论电子垃圾拆卸区的铅污染已经对儿童的行为发育造成损害,有必要采取多种手段进行干预,以保护当地儿童的健康成长。

Objective To investigate the effects of lead exposure on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） in children from Guiyu town,an electronic-waste （e-waste） recycling area. Methods One hundred and seventy-two children lived at Guiyu town were chosen to be tested for blood lead levels （BLLs） and the ADHD behavior symptoms were calculated by parents and teachers rating scales of ADHD of DSM-IV （all in Chinese version）. Results In Guiyu, 29.1% （50/172） children aged 2 to 8 years had BLLs≥100 μg/L. According to parents＇ and teachers＇ rating scales, the prevalence of ADHD was 13.4% and 7.0% respectively. There were significant positive correlations among the BLLs and the total and subtypes scores of ADHD behavior symptoms of the two rating scales（all P 0.01）. The high BLLs group（BLLs≥100 μg/L） had significantly higher scores of total and subtypes of ADHD behavior symptoms than the low BLLs group （BLLs 100 μg/L） according to both rating scales （all P 0.01）. Boys were easier to display ADHD behavior symptoms than girls under the high BLLs condition （BLLs ≥100 μg/L）. Conclusion The normal development of children＇s behavior are impaired by lead pollution in the e-waste recycling area. Multiple actions should be taken to improve the environment and protect the health of local children.