西北地区出土双头鸟纹刺绣纹样初探

A Discussion on the Embroidered Textiles with Double-headed Bird Motifs Unearthed from Northwest China

本文简要整理了西北地区出土的双头鸟纹刺绣,并在与诺因乌拉、马王堆、敦煌等地出土材料对比的基础上对刺绣的纹样提出了一些初步的理解:第一,认为双头鸟纹刺绣可能与诺因乌拉出土的鸟纹刺绣存在渊源;第二,认为主要的辅助纹样应该是源于茱萸纹,有些可能就是茱萸纹;第三,认为圆点纹可能仅是当时一种流行的样式;第四,认为倒置的三角纹可能与佛教中的"者舌"有关;最后,提出刺绣上的双头鸟纹样与西方流传至今的双头鹰纹样不应是一个体系。

This paper briefly reviews embroidered textiles with double-headed bird motif unearthed from northwest China. Then in comparison with materials from Noin-Ula, Mawangdui, Dunhuang, and ancient sites in Xinjiang, the author fo- cuses on the discussion of the motif and draws these conclusions below. Firstly, these embroidered pieces might have been descendents of the embroidered pieces bearing bird motif unearthed in Noin-Ula. Secondly, the major supplementary motif might originate from dogwood motif. Thirdly, the inverted triangles may represent zheshe （者舌） which is common in Bud- dhist art. Fourthly, spots might only be one type of popular element in design. Finally, the double-beaded bird on these em- broidered pieces is different from the double-headed eagle motif in the West.