鄂西亚高山泥炭藓沼泽湿地高等植物多样性研究

RESEARCH ON THE HIGHER PLANT DIVERSITY OF SUBALPINE SPHAGNUM MIRE IN WESTERN HUBEI PROVINCE,CHINA

为探讨鄂西亚高山泥炭藓沼泽湿地高等植物及群丛类型特征,揭示该类型湿地资源特点,采用遥感影像分析与实地调查相结合的方法研究了鄂西亚高山泥炭藓沼泽湿地的分布、面积和高等植物资源状况。结果表明鄂西亚高山泥炭藓沼泽湿地主要分布在七姊妹山、大九湖、二仙岩和后河等4个区域内,主要有8个斑块,总面积为1 278.69hm2,共有高等植物65科、128属、194种,有大理薹草-泥炭藓群丛(Ass.Carex rubro-brunnea var.taliensis-Sphagnum palustre)、川东薹草-泥炭藓群丛(Ass.Carex fargesii-Sphagnum palustre)、野灯心草-泥炭藓群丛(Ass.Juncus setchuensis-Sphagnum palustre)、水竹-泥炭藓群丛(Ass.Phyllostachys heteroclada-Sphagnum palustre)、紫羊茅-泥炭藓群丛(Ass.Festuca rubra-Sphagnum palustre)、小叶南烛-川东薹草-泥炭藓群丛(Ass.Vaccinium bracteatum var.chinense-Carex fargesii-Sphagnum palustre)等20个群丛。研究结果可为我国亚高山泥炭藓沼泽湿地资源可持续利用、湿地资源保护、湿地生态系统恢复与重建提供有益参考,为泥炭藓沼泽湿地高等植物研究提供资料。

The geographical distribution,area and higher plant resource status of the subalpine sphagnum mire in western Hubei Province of China were studied through remote sensing images analysis and field investigation in order to clarify the higher plant species diversity,higher plant association types and to reveal the characteristic of this kind of wetland.The result indicated that total area of the subalpine mire in western Hubei Province was 1 278.69 hm2.It was mainly distributed in 4 protected areas,which included the Qizimei Mountains National Natural Reserve,the Dajiuhu Basin National Wetland Park,the Erxianyan Provincial-level Nature Reserve and the Houhe National Reserve,and it was chiefly constituted by 8 patches.A total of 194 species（including varietas） belonging to 128 genera of 65 families were found in the wetland higher plant flora.Among these,4 species belonging to 4 genera of 4 families were bryophyte;9 species belonging to 8 genera of 7 families were pteridophyte;181 species belonging to 116 genera of 54 families were spermatophyte.Twenty higher plant associations were recognized：Ass.Carex rubro-brunnea var.taliensis-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Carex fargesii＋Calamagrostis epigeios-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Lycopus coreanus var.cavaleriei＋Scirpus lushanensis-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Lycopus coreanus var.cavaleriei＋Juncus setchuensis-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Lycopus coreanus var.cavaleriei-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Juncus setchuensis＋Deyeuxia hakonensis-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Juncus setchuensis＋Carex ascocetra-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Carex fargesii-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Juncus setchuensis-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Agapetes lacei＋Miscanthus sinensis-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Agapetes lacei＋Juncus setchuensis-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Scirpus lushanensis-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Rosa helenae＋Neanotis ingrate-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Phyllostachys heteroclada-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Carex argyi-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Rhamnus utilis＋Carex argyi-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Rhynchospora chinensis-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Poa sp.＋Heleocharis wichurai-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Festuca rubra-Sphagnum palustre;Ass.Vaccinium bracteatum var.chinense-Carex fargesii-Sphagnum palustre.These results may provide useful information for the sustainable use of the resource of the subalpine sphagnum mire in western Hubei Province of China,and they will also be favorable to protect wetland resources.They may be benefit to the restoration and reconstruction of the wetland ecosystem and provide helpful references for the further study of higher plant resource in the subalpine sphagnum mire.