基于生态系统服务的水生态足迹初步研究

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON WATER ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT BASED ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

传统生态足迹未将水资源纳入其核算体系。为了弥补这一不足,提出水(资源)生态足迹,其定义为生产一定人口消费的水资源及吸纳其产生的废弃物所需要的生物生产性土地的面积。介绍了我国水生态足迹研究在基础理论和基本模型方面的现状,并分析了其存在的缺陷与不足:(1)囿于当前生态足迹定义,没有认识到人类在其生产生活中消费的水资源无法转换为生物生产性土地;(2)水资源均衡因子计算方法不同于其他均衡因子且不符合水生态足迹要求;(3)总的水生态足迹和水生态承载力以及水生态盈亏的计算也存在问题。提出解决问题的关键是将水生态足迹构建于水域的多种生态系统服务功能之上,其定义为提供一定人口消费的水生态系统服务所需要的土地面积。当前条件下,基于生态系统服务的水生态足迹包括渔业生态足迹、淡水生态足迹和水污染生态足迹3部分,并以此为基础提出了基于生态系统服务的水生态足迹的基本模型。该模型与当前水生态足迹模型的不同之处主要在于:(1)舍弃均衡因子;(2)同一土地类型取其最大值作为最终生态足迹;(3)不同土地类型只做分类比较而不进行加总计算。最后,提出了需进一步研究的几个问题。

The traditional ecological footprint does not put water resource into their accounting system.To compensate for this deficiency,the researchers put forward the ecological footprint of water resources and water ecological footprint.The paper introduces the present situation of water ecological footprint research in our country in terms of the basic theory and basic models,and analyzes its shortcomings and inadequacy.It points out that the traditional ecological footprint based on biological production cannot accept the water resources ecological footprint based on non-biological production.The key way to solve this problem is to construct water ecological footprint in the waters of the multiple ecosystem services function,elaborate the water ecological footprint theory foundation and basic model based on the ecosystem service.Finally,the paper puts forward the main problems that need to be studied further.