北京市奶牛养殖业发展路径选择研究

Research on the Development Path Selection of Beijing Dairy Cattle Breeding Industry

北京市目前奶牛存栏规模约15万头,成乳牛约10万头,年产奶量64万t,对保证北京市牛奶的自给率和安全乳品供应具有重要的经济意义和政治价值。基于昌平区、大兴区、房山区、密云县、顺义区、通州区和延庆县7个奶牛主产区(县)的实地调研数据,系统分析了北京市奶牛养殖业发展的现状和产业发展面临的主要瓶颈约束,并就今后北京市奶牛产业的发展路径选择提出了相应建议。研究发现,奶牛养殖产业目前主要存在奶牛饲养管理规范化和标准化程度不均衡、产业组织化程度不高、养殖利润率整体不高、养殖积极性受挫及市场信息发布体系不健全等问题。从调整产业结构、推广三元养殖模式、打造奶牛种源之都、采用国储和外埠奶牛生产基地的形式、加强乳品消费文化宣传和完善产业扶持机制等方面提出了政策建议。

Dairy cattle stock was about 150 000 in Beijing, milking cattle was about 100 000, and annual milk production was 640 000 tons, which has great economic significance and political values to ensure milk self-sufficiency and safe milk supply for Beijing residents. Based on the research data of main producing areas, such as Changping, Daxing, Fangshan, Miyun, Shunyi, Tongzhou and Yanqing districts, this article systematically analyzed the status quo and the main bottlenecks of dairy cattle breeding industry development in Beijing, and put forward corresponding recommendations for the development path selection of dairy cattle industry in Beijing. It was found out that the main problems of the dairy cattle breeding industry were unbalanced management standardization and normalization of dairy cattle breeding, low level of industrial organization, low culture profit margins overall, frustrated breeding enthusiasm, imperfect market information publishing system, and so on. Finally, this paper proposed policy suggestions from points of adjusting industrial structure, promoting Lvhe-Dairy culture patterns, creating the provenance of dairy cattle, adopting state reserve and nonlocal based format to dairy production, strengthening the publicity of dairy consumption culture, improving the industrial support mechanism, and so on.