土地征收视野下“公共利益”之探讨

The Research of Public Interest in Land Expropriation

对土地征收的界定应当着眼于土地权利人的财产是否受到实质损害,目前关于征收和征用的划分标准存在重大问题。公共利益在不同的法律语境下具有不同的内涵和功能。作为法律原则的公共利益是一个抽象的概念,没有必要也不可能对其作出准确界定;而土地征收视野下的公共利益是一个具体的法律概念,立法可以在土地征收这一背景下结合社会、经济、文化传统等因素对其作出相对明确的界定。土地征收视野下的公共利益已不限于传统意义上公共使用的范畴,政府基于社会整体的、全盘的发展计划实施的土地征收也是符合公共利益的。土地征收部门在土地征收公告中应当说明征收的法律依据,并证明征收行为的合法性,司法机关应当对其作全面审查。

The definition of land expropriation should focus on whether Land property suffer substantial damages. The criteria for classification of expropriation and requisition is very unreasonable in land legislation of China. Public interest has different meaning and function in different con- text. As a legal principle, it is an abstract concpt, so it is unnecessary and impossible to difine it. However, public interest of eminent domain is a specific legal concept. Legislation can make cleardefinition to it combined with these factors such as society, economy, traditional cultural in the background of land expropriation. Public interest is not limited to public use, the government＇s over~ all development plan is also consistent with it. Bureau of Land management should explain the legalbasis and prove the legality in land expropriation, the court should make comprehensive review.