析个人国际豁免权对国际刑事法院逮捕令的制约——以苏丹总统巴希尔个案为考察对象

Analysis of the Restriction to the Arrest Warrant of the International Criminal Court by Individual International Immunity—Viewed from the Case of Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir

作为国际机构,国际刑事法院不受调整国家之间现任国家元首豁免权的习惯国际法限制,有权签发对苏丹总统巴希尔的逮捕令。认可国际刑事法院签发逮捕令之权,并不意味着国际刑事法院有权请求国家将该人逮捕并移交到国际刑事法院。苏丹不是《罗马规约》的缔约国,苏丹总统巴希尔也不是《罗马规约》缔约国的国民,国际刑事法院的逮捕令是对苏丹现任国家元首合法的强制措施,但国际刑事法院请求缔约国将巴希尔逮捕并移交到国际刑事法院却与《罗马规约》第98条第1款的规定不符,是一种超越权限的行为,缔约国不受该请求的约束。

The International Criminal Court isn＇t restricted by the customary international law of the immunity among states to the incumbent head of states. Being an international institution, the ICC is entitled to issue an arrest warrant for Sudanese President Omar al - Bashir. Recognizing the right of issuing an arrest warrant by the ICC doesn＇t mean that the ICC has the right to request a state to arrest and transfer him to the ICC. Sudan is not a party to the Rome Statute. Sudanese President Omar al - Bashir is not a national of the States Parties to the Rome Statute either. The arrest warrant of the ICC is a lawful enforcement measure to the incumbent head of a state. But the request of arrest and transfer to the ICC by a State Party is inconsistent with the provision of Article 98 （ 1 ） of the Rome Statute, which is an ultra vires act. The State isn＇t bounded by the request.