3Linda Hutcheon, A Poetics of Postmodernism : History, Theory,Fiction ( New York and London: Routledge, 1988), p. 26.
4Henry Louis Gates, Jr., "The Blackness of Blackness: A Critique of the Sign and the Signifying Monkey", in Black Literature and Literary Theory, Gates ed. ( New York and London: Routledge,1984) ,pp.285 - 321.
5根据Francis J.Bremer的研究,清教徒认为,"只要人们祈祷地正确……并且祈求能使耶稣的意愿得以推广……上帝就会被祈祷所感动."参见Francis J.Bremer,Puritan Crisis: New England aad the English Civil Wars, 1630 - 1670 ( New York & London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1989 ), p. 40.
6莫里森对《乐园》的解释出现在几个内容相同的访谈里,见 James Marcus, "This Side of Paradise", Interview with Toni Morrison, http://www. amazon. com/exec/obidos/tg/feature/-/7651/002-5902217-20056; Anna Mulrine, "This Side of ‘Paradise ' ", U . S . News & World Report, Washington, Jan. 19,1998;以及 Carolyn Denard, "Blacks, Modernism, and the American South: An Interview with Toni Morrison" , in Studies in the Literary Imagination ,Atlanta,Fall 1998,Vol. 1 ,Issue 2,pp. 1 - 16.
7Ron David, Toni Morrison Explained:A Reader' s Map to the Novels ( New York: Random House, 2000), p. 171.
8Linden Peach, Toni Morrison(Macmillan Press,2000) ,p. 157.
