窄直径种植体在上颌中切牙牙列缺损种植修复中的应用

Application of the narrow-diameter implants in patients with the maxillary central incisors missing

目的评价窄直径种植体(直径3 mm^3.5mm)用于种植修复上颌中切牙缺失的并发症和美学效果。方法 37例牙槽嵴厚度在4.5mm～6mm的上颌中切牙缺失患者采用窄直径种植体(3.0mm～3.5mm)进行种植修复,计算其骨结合的成功率,随访其机械并发症的发生情况及美学修复效果的变化,并进行原因分析。结果共有49颗上颌中切牙采用窄直径种植体进行修复,47颗种植体成功骨结合,其骨结合的成功率为95.9%。平均随访14.9个月,在复查期内没有种植体及其部件折裂等机械并发症发生,除了2例患者发生了种周炎外,其它种植体颈部牙槽骨水平稳定。结论窄直径种植体可以成功地用于牙槽突厚度在5mm左右的上颌中切牙牙列缺损的美学修复,其在最大程度上利用了原有的牙槽骨,与其直径相关的机械并发症并未见明显增加。

Objective To evaluate the occurrences of the complications and the aesthetic results in the patients in which Narrow-diameter implants have been used to restore the missing maxillary central incisors. Methods Thirtyseven patients （forty-nine missing maxillary central incisors） whose alveolar processes were 4.5 to 6 millimeters thick were chosen in this study. In these patients, Narrow-diameter implants （3 to 3.5 millimeters in diameter） were used to restore the missing maxillary central teeth. The successful rate of the osseointegration between the implants and the alveolar bone was calculated , and the oecrrences of the mechanical complications and the changes of the aesthetic restoring results in follow-up were analysed. Results Osseointegration happened successfully in forty-seven implants and the successful rate of the osseointegration was 95.9% in this study. No mechanical complications, such as the break of the implants, abutments and the screws, were found in the narrow-diameter-implant-restoring patients. Peri-implantitis was diagnosed in two patients and the height of the alveolar bone around the implants were stable in the other thirty-three patients in follow-up. Conclusion Narrow-diameter implants can be used to restore the missing maxillary central incisors successfully in chosen patients with about 5-millimeter-thick alveolar processes.